Elements of Western, Comedy and Thriller in Jarmusch’s Film Dead Man :: Movie Film Essays

Elements of Western, Comedy and Thriller in Jarmusch’s Film Dead Man Released in 1995, the film â€Å"Dead Man† is set in the West in the latter half of the 19th century. The film is a genre-combining work. Although â€Å"Dead Man† is a Western, it brings in many elements from the Comedy and the Thriller. The movie is set in the west, yet the audience finds themselves laughing at many comical incidents as well as anticipating what will happen to Blake next. The film is a Western in many ways, but is also a satire of the genre. First of all, the character Nobody is a Native American. This is common to Westerns, however, the remainder of his character is not. While Indians in Westerns are usually savages, Nobody was educated in England and only interested in helping the protagonist. Also, Blake arrives in town alone. Heroes in Westerns have typically been loners. However, Blake’s character is not much of a hero as he does not demonstrate many characteristics commonly associated with heroism. He is not courageous, fighting some ‘evil’ or ‘bad’ presence, or have some sort of special skills. When walking through, the town is established as a lawless place. For example, Blake and the audience see a woman performing oral sex on a man in public. This lawlessness is expected in the West. However, this specific incident is also satirical of the genre as Westerns would not normally show such a vulgar act. During the course of â€Å"Dead Man,† Jarmusch uses some scenes to create a Thriller-like tension. For example, in the first scene, when Blake is traveling, many interesting passengers ride along with him on the train. The train conductor sits across from Blake and warns him of his destination, the town of Machine. The conductor tells Blake that Machine is the â€Å"end of the line.† These are very ominous words. The conductor also states that Blake is likely to find his grave there. A gunshot is then fired. These are actions and dialogue not regular to Westerns. This scene brings to â€Å"Dead Man† the element of suspense common to the Thriller. Throughout the film, the audience is also exposed to many different comical scenes. Many situations and even dialogue are humorous. For example, one of the three killers sleeps with a Teddy Bear. Additionally, Nobody calls Blake a â€Å"stupid fucking white man.† This is funny purely because it is not something that would be expected from his character.

Impact of Culture on Entrepreneurship

Information Management and Business Review Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 30-34, Jan 2012 (ISSN 2220-3796) Impact of Culture on Entrepreneur Intention Syed Imran Sajjad1, *Haroon Shafi1, Aasim Munir Dad2 1Iqra university Islamabad campus 2University of Science and Technology (MUST) Mirpur Azad Kashmir, Pakistan *[email  protected] com Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to identify the role of entrepreneurship in Pakistan. After reviewing the literature, researchers identify those predictors who influence the entrepreneur’s intention with the help of socio cognitive model.National culture of a country influences the entrepreneur’s intention to start new business. Perceived feasibility, perceived desirability and entrepreneurs experience has a direct impact on entrepreneur’s intention. The study finds out the impact of culture on entrepreneur intention, different cultures have different ways to influence the entrepreneur intention and different ways to impact on int entions towards perceived feasibility and perceived desirability .The study helps entrepreneur’s decision making process and also helps out the development of further new business in Pakistan, motivates students to become entrepreneurs and analyzes their feasibility and desirability. Culture varies from country to country, within country different provinces, how different cultures, different traditions, norms and values. So in future, it helps to analyze entrepreneur’s intention in different cultures.Key words: Pakistan’s society, Entrepreneurship, entrepreneur’s experience, culture 1. Introduction Entrepreneur is an individual who runs a business with new idea or adding value in existing idea entrepreneur is a creator, risk taker who brings change in environment, with the help of technology, effective organization trained employees, and gets maximum benefit. A good leader is that, who manage all these activities on continuous bases.This is the study of a n individual who starts new business. In this paper researchers analyze the entrepreneurial intention how entrepreneur is being motivate to starts new business, the relationship between entrepreneur intention with their experienced and relationship between desirability that influences the entrepreneur intention, study also analyze the affect of national culture on entrepreneur intention as well as entrepreneurial activity for development nd underdevelopment countries. Different aspects of human behavior but the one predictor intention plays an important role (Ajzen, 1991) when individual starts new business than an economic activity starts than circulation of money starts ultimately growth of country starts according to Romer(1994) due to entrepreneur investment in new venture long term growth of country starts.According to Mitchell et al (2002) for starting a new business many factors influence entrepreneur intention like desirability, feasibility, and entrepreneurial experience, b ut it varies culture to culture and nation to nation, within country culture varies, researchers are still unclear, the over all impacts of culture in entrepreneur intention, Every country has its own culture, its values, norms and beliefs that affects the entrepreneurial intention, at some stages the culture plays an important role in decision making.Now a day’s private sector plays a vital role in economic development, in private sector small business owners have various opportunities to start new venture. The policies of government are important for entrepreneurs, but only development of policies is not sufficient, their implementation is also mandatory to attract investor to invest in business, small and medium enterprises some time not going well due to lack of knowledge and infrastructure.This paper is conceptual in nature and focuses that how entrepreneurs motivate to start a new venture especially in the context of culture. 2. Literature Review 30 Entrepreneurial inte ntion: Entrepreneurial intent to begin an innovative enterprise, in literature different researchers suggested the importance of entrepreneur intent such as (Shapero & Sokol, 1982; Shapero, 1975; Krueger, 1993; Bird, 1988; Krueger et al. , 2000). Some researchers including (Bird, 1988) identified entrepreneur individual nature, skill, experience the same as social desirability and personal feasibility.Different Researchers recommended including (Shane, 2003), that: the existence of an entrepreneurial possibility; its identification by the entrepreneur; and the conscious decision of the entrepreneur to be aware of that chance, are between the mandatory steps required in the entrepreneurial process. Cristina and Dwayne (2009) saw the effect of entrepreneur intention in Caribbean and the found out the link among entrepreneur intention, desirability, and feasibility and suggested that culture acted as moderator to influence the entrepreneur’s intention.After reviewing literature it has been seen that there is linked between desirability perception and entrepreneur intention to begin a new venture, Krueger (1993) practiced Shapiro’s theoretical model and suggested that there is a positive impact of perceived desirability on entrepreneur intention (Krueger et al. , 2000). For better understanding of different indicators and the impact of these indicators on entrepreneur (Krueger et al. 2000) suggested that attitude of entrepreneur varies for every exogenous facet that affects entrepreneur intention to become entrepreneur. P1. Perceived desirability will directly influence entrepreneurial intentions. The study analyzed that perceived feasibility and perceived desirability are decided by exogenous facet for example individual and conditional facets disclosure to entrepreneur experiences that studied as exogenous facets, all these observation manipulate entrepreneur intentions.According to (Bandura, 1994) self-efficacy is an emotional and thinking process . In this, model the two predictor perceived feasibility and desirability act as mediators the both predictors influence entrepreneur experience. This paper is extensions of social cognitive process model that analyzed to identify, save, and recover the information ultimately take suitable action (Frese and Zapf, 1994). For entrepreneur information any resource is very important, to identify that information and take proper action.Cristina and Dwayne (2009) argued that perceived feasibility and desirability has direct impact on entrepreneur intention and also there is a direct relationship between entrepreneur experience and intention, entrepreneur, experience plays an important role, experience influences the intention, due to experience their performance increase, experience motivated towards risk taking for new venture . Due to entrepreneur expertise that is gained from previous experience makes strategies more effective (Zhao et al. 2005). It has been argued that feasibility per ceptions regarding entrepreneurship are influenced by prior exposure to entrepreneurial experiences. For example, (Shapero and Sokol, 1982) contended that prior exposure to entrepreneurial activity would have a positive effect on perceptions of feasibility (and perceived desirability). Krueger (1993) demonstrated in his study that breadth of entrepreneurial xperiences significantly and directly influenced perceived feasibility, In literature it is carefully reviewed that entrepreneur’s intentions reveal a very few piratical support such as (Krueger and Dickson, 1994), analyzed that in risky situation self efficacy of those entrepreneurs are high influence high level of perception, if feasibility is high then entrepreneurs intention is more to start a new business and desire to invest more and more in business.A supportive culture also influences the entrepreneur’s intention, with his social and moral values and belief. P2. Perceived Feasibility will directly Impact on entrepreneurial intentions P3. Entrepreneur experience has a direct Impact on entrepreneurial intentions 31 Figure 1: Model Culture Perceived Feasibility Entrepreneurial Experience Entrepreneurial Intentions Perceived Desirability Culture: It recommends that the culture is most effective constant for entrepreneur. Good cultural values also influence the entrepreneur intention.The appropriateness, consistency, effectiveness, (ACE) model of persuasion (Reardon et al. , 1989) three main thought of culture Importance, stability, efficiency. Culture includes some social, moral ethical values norms and beliefs that must be socially acceptable (Hofstede, 1980). This extends society think about those values norms and beliefs. Normally, researchers analyzed that culture facilitated the entrepreneurship because of high individuality, low ambiguity, and low in power remoteness, and high intention for commencement of new business. Hayton et al. , 2002, p. 34). National culture has a moderating effect on entrepreneur intention (Fernandez et al. , 1997), George and Prabhu, 2000) P4. culture of a country has a significant effect on entrepreneur intention. 3. Discussion The present study examines the role of entrepreneurial intention in Pakistan and how culture affects the entrepreneurial intention. This model is based on Shapero and Sokol (1982) and tested by Krueger (1993). Later on Dwayne Devonish, et. l (2009) investigates the effect of entrepreneur intention in Caribbean; In Caribbean Governments are familiar with the need to expand the structure and change the mechanism in provinces and encourage the entrepreneurship. This present study sees the effect of culture in entrepreneurial intention in Pakistani society. Now – a – day’s instability of government is not helpful for entrepreneur to invest. Government policies are also significantly affecting the entrepreneur intention.This model indicates that entrepreneurial experience has a direct and posit ive relationship with perceived desirability and perceived feasibility. The entrepreneurial intention plays an importance role for starting new venture, past experience influence their decisions the model shows the direct relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial experience. This model recommends that the entrepreneur’s experiences acts as a key function to influence the intention of an individual to become entrepreneur linked with the previous point of view and research (Shapero and Sokol, 1982).According to Krueger et al (2000) experience influences the entrepreneur intention, there is also a direct relationship between entrepreneur’s experience on perceived feasibility and perceived desirability, feasibility and desirability existing in environment that influence the entrepreneur’s experience, so perceived feasibility and perceived desirability partially mediates entrepreneurs experiences and entrepreneurs intentions. Entrepreneurs ex perience directly influences the entrepreneur’s intention to start a new venture. 2 The other two indicators perceived feasibility and desirability mediated the entrepreneurial experience towards entrepreneurial intention. In this paper, we see the impact of culture on entrepreneurial intentions and his experience, how values and norms of a culture affect entrepreneurial decision in Pakistani society, different cultures have their own values traditions and norms, many small and medium size organizations have different impact on culture. Mark-Pruett et al. 2008) suggest that national culture of a country is directly linked with entrepreneur intention. Culture is shared values, norms, traditions rules beliefs, and anticipated behaviors of people. Cultural values and beliefs specify the level to which society judges’ entrepreneurial behaviors, such as innovation, perceived feasibility, risk taking, independent thinking and perceived desirable. Managerial implication: The study also helps managers to understand the impact of culture on entrepreneurial intentions and experience.The other motivating research would be to arrange a relative research for the service firms in different markets. A good culture influences entrepreneurial intention ultimately its performance increases and firm grows. A good supportive culture is helpful for the development of the organization, Government policies must be stable and supportive for new investors, banks also play important role for giving them loan on low interest rates, and all these aspects attract the entrepreneur intentions to start a new venture.Limitation and Recommendation: The study finds out the impact of culture on entrepreneur intention, different cultures have different ways to influence the entrepreneur intention and different ways to impact on intentions towards perceived feasibility and perceived desirability. It is difficult to sketch the conclusion, because in both streams of researches, it is d ifficult to measure lack of agreement and lack of clearness. In conclusion, we can say that the involvement of culture and its influence on entrepreneurial intentions helps entrepreneur to take decision.The regular support is education that increases entrepreneurial performance and efficiency. It is suggested that the education system in universities and colleges should help to improve the skill and knowledge of students regarding entrepreneurship, and also focus the students attention to find out the their desirability and feasibility in the field on entrepreneurship, conducting seminar on entrepreneurship allow entrepreneurs to share the experience with students and motivate them. Danns and Mentore (1995) suggested that â€Å"entrepreneurial experience† helps the students to develop positive attitude and approach to start a new venture. . Conclusion and Future Research Finally, entrepreneurship is a key factor for the development of any country. The current study focuses on the entrepreneur’s intention, national culture of a country influences the entrepreneur’s intention, perceived feasibility, and desirability and entrepreneurial experience directly influence the intention of any individual to start a new business. This study only emphasizes only Pakistani culture, and culture related policies and their implementation. In future research scholar will focus on one aspect of culture or one particular area. Culture varies country to country.Appropriate scale should be developed to empirically examine relations among above model. References Ajzen, I. (1991). Theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(1), 179-211. Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy, in Ramachaudran, V. S. (Ed. ). Encyclopedia of Human Behavior Academic Press, 4, 71-81. Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13, 442-449. Cristina, J. & Dwayne, D. (2009). An explorato ry study of competitive strategies among hotels in a small developing Caribbean state.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(4), 491 – 500. Danns, G. K. & Mentore, M. M. (1995). Race and economic power in Guyana: a study of the East Indians, in Ryan, S. and Stewart, T. (Eds), Entrepreneurship in the Caribbean: Culture, Structure, Conjuncture, University of the West Indies, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Trinidad and Tobago. 33 Fernandez, D. R. , Carlson, D. S. , Stepina, L. P. & Nicholson, J. D. (1997). Hofstede’s country classification 25 years later. Journal of Social Psychology, 137(1), 43-54. Frese, M. & Zapf, D. (1994).Action as the core of work psychology, in Trandis, H. C. , Dunnette, M. D. and Hough, L. (Eds), Handbook of Industrial and Organ. George, G. & Prabhu, G. (2000). Developmental financial institutions as catalysts of Entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Academy of Management Review, 25, 620-30. Hayton, J. C. , George, G. & Zahara, S. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: a review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 33-53. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA. Krueger, N. & Dickson, P.R. (1994). How believing in ourselves increases risk taking: perceived self-efficacy and opportunity recognition. Decision Sciences, 25(3), 385-400. Krueger, N. (1993). The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 3, 5-21. Krueger, N. , Reilly, M. & Carsrud, A. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(2), 411-32. Mark-Pruett, R. , Bryan, T. , Francisco, L. & Jerry, F. (2008). International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 15(6), 571-594.Mitchell, R. , Smith, J. B. , Morsem, E. A. , Seawright, K. , Peredo, A. M. & McKe nzie, B. (2002). Are entrepreneurial cognitions universal? Assessing entrepreneurial cognitions across cultures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 9-32. Reardon, T. , Crawford, E. & Kelly, V. (1989). Link between nonfarm income and farm investment in Africa households: Adding the capital marketing perspective. American journal of Agriculture Economics, 76 (5), 172-179. Romer, P. (1994). The origins of endogenous growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(1), 3-22. Shane, S. (2003).A General Theory of Entrepreneurship, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Shapero, A. (1975). The displaced, uncomfortable entrepreneur, Psychology Today, 9(11), 83-8. Shapero, A. & Sokol, L. (1982). Some social dimensions of entrepreneurship in Kent, C. (Ed. ), Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 72-90. Zhao, H. , Hills, G. E. & Siebert, S. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90 (6), 1265-1272. 34 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

Importance of Jade in Chinese Culture

Importance of Jade in Chinese Culture Jade is a metamorphic rock that is naturally colored green, red, yellow, or white. When it polished and treated, the vibrant colors of jade can be extraordinary. The most popular kind of jade in Chinese culture is green jade, which has an emerald hue.   Called 玉 (yà ¹) in Chinese, jade is important to Chinese culture because of its beauty, practical use, and social value. Here is an introduction to jade and why it is so important to Chinese people. Now when you browse through an antique shop, jewelry store, or museum, you can impress your friends with your knowledge of this important stone. Types of Jade Jade is classified into soft jade (nephrite) and hard jade (jadeite). Since China only had soft jade until jadeite was imported from Burma during the Qing dynasty (1271–1368 CE), the term jade traditionally refers to nephrite, and so soft jade is also called traditional jade. In preColumbian America, only hard jade was available; all Native American jades are jadeite. Burmese jadeite is called feicui in Chinese. Feicui is now more popular and valuable than soft jade in China today. History of Jade Jade has been a part of Chinese civilization from the earliest days. Chinese jade was used as a material for practical and ornamental purposes at an early period in history, and it continues to be very popular today. The earliest Chinese jade is from the early Neolithic period Hemudu culture in Zhejian Province (about 7000–5000 BCE). Jade was an important part of ritual contexts in the middle to late Neolithic periods, such as the Hongshan culture that existed along the Lao River and the Liangzhu culture in the Tai Lake region (both date between 4000–2500 BCE). Carved jade has also been found in sites dated to the Longshan culture (3500–2000 BCE) by the Yellow River; and the Bronze age cultures of Western and Easter Zhou dynasties (11th–3rd centuries BCE). In  Ã¨ ª ªÃ¦â€"‡è § £Ã¥ ­â€" (shuo  wen  jie  zi), the first Chinese dictionary published in the early second century CE, jade was described as beautiful stones by the writer Xu Zhen. Jade has been a familiar substance in Chinese culture for a very long time. Uses of Chinese Jade Archaeological artifacts of jade include sacrificial  vessels, tools, ornaments,  utensils, and many other items. Ancient music instruments were made out of Chinese jade, such as the yuxiao  (a flute made of jade and played vertically), and chimes. The beautiful color of jade made it a mysterious stone to the Chinese in ancient times, so jade wares were popular as sacrificial vessels and were often buried with the dead. One example of the ritual importance of jade is the burial of the body of Liu Sheng, a prince of the Zhongshan State (Western Han Dynasty) who died around 113 BCE. He was buried in a  jade suit  composed of 2,498 pieces of jade stitched together with gold thread. Importance of Jade in Chinese Culture Chinese people love jade not only because of its aesthetic beauty but also because of what it represents regarding social value. In the Li Ji (Book of Rites), Confucius said that there are 11 De, or virtues, represented in jade: benevolence, justice, propriety, truth, credibility, music, loyalty, heaven, earth, morality, and intelligence. The wise have likened jade to virtue. For them, its polish and brilliancy represent the whole of purity; its perfect compactness and extreme hardness represent the sureness of intelligence; its angles, which do not cut, although they seem sharp, represent justice; the pure and prolonged sound, which it gives forth when one strikes it, represents music. Its color represents loyalty; its interior flaws, always showing themselves through the transparency, call to mind sincerity; its iridescent brightness represents heaven; its admirable substance, born of mountain and of water, represents the earth. Used alone without ornamentation it represents chastity. The price that the entire world attaches to it represents the truth. Book of Rites In the Shi Jing  (Book of Odes), Confucius wrote: When I think of a wise man, his merits appear to be like jade. Book of Odes Thus, beyond monetary worth and materiality, jade is greatly prized as it stands for beauty, grace, and purity. As the Chinese saying goes: gold has a value; jade is invaluable.   Jade in the Chinese Language Because jade represents desirable virtues, the word for jade (yu) is incorporated into many Chinese idioms and proverbs to denote beautiful things or people. For example, å† °Ã¦ ¸â€¦Ã§Å½â€°Ã¦ ´  (bingqing yujie), which directly translates to clear as ice and clean as jade is a Chinese saying that means someone is pure and noble. ä º ­Ã¤ º ­Ã§Å½â€°Ã§ «â€¹ (tingting  yuli) is a phrase used to describe something or someone that is fair, slim, and graceful. Additionally, 玉å ¥ ³ (yà ¹nÇš), which means jade woman,  is a term for a lady or beautiful girl.   A popular thing to do in China is to use the Chinese character for jade in Chinese names. The Supreme Deity of Taoism is known as Yuhuang  Dadi (the Jade Emperor). Chinese Stories About Jade Jade is so ingrained in Chinese culture that there are famous stories about Jade (here called bi). The two most famous tales are He Shi Zhi Bi (Mr. He and His Jade or Hes Jade Disc) and Wan Bi Gui Zhao (Jade Returned Intact to Zhao). The stories involve a man named Bian He and a piece of jade that eventually became a symbol of united China. He Shi Zhi Bi tells the story of Mr. He and how he found a piece of raw jade and tried to give it to two generations of kings, but they didnt recognize it as valuable and cut off his feet as punishment for trying to pass off an unworthy stone. Eventually, the grandson of the first king finally had his jeweler cut the stone open and found the raw jade; it was carved into a disc and named after Mr. He by that grandson, Wenwang, the king of the Chu State, around 689 BCE. Wan Bi Gui Zhao is the follow-up story of this famous jade. The carved disc was subsequently stolen from the Chu State and eventually ended up owned by the Zhao. The king of the Qin State, the most powerful state during the Warring States Period (475–221 BCE), attempted to buy the jade disc back from the Zhao State in exchange for 15 cities. (Jade is known as ä » ·Ã¥â‚¬ ¼Ã¨ ¿Å¾Ã¥Å¸Å½, Valued at multiple cities because of this story.) However, he failed. Eventually, after some amount of political chicanery, the jade disc was returned to the Zhao State. In 221 BCE, the emperor Qin Shi Huangdi conquered the Zhao state, and as the ruler and founder of the Qin dynasty, he had the disc carved into a seal representing the new united China. The seal was part of the royal stores in China for 1,000 years before being lost during the Ming and Tang dynasties. Source Wu Dingming. 2014. A Panoramic View of Chinese Culture. Simon and Schuster.

Efficiency Essays

Efficiency Essays Efficiency Essay Efficiency Essay DISCUSSION 1) From the result obtained above, draw the equivalent circuit of the transformer referred to the primary side. Req= 2.177 ?, Xeq= j5.523 ? Rc= 1008 ?, Xm = j66.67 2) Recalculate the efficiency of the transformer using the general formula that you had written down in section (6) of your pre-lab work for full-load, 75% load and half load. At rated (Is = 5.25 A) Copper Loss, Pcu = Psc? = 60 W Core Loss, Pc = Poc? = 5.33 W Full Load Efficiency = PsPs+ Pcu+ Pc x 100 % = 607607+60 +5.33 x 100 % = 90.28 % 75 % Load Efficiency = (0.75)Ps(0.75)Ps+ 0.75(0.75)Pcu+ Pc x 100 % = 455.25455.25+ 33.75 +5.33 x 100 % = 98.04 % 50% Load Efficiency = (0.5)Ps(0.5)Ps+ 0.5(0.5)Pcu+ Pc x 100 % = 303.5303.5+15+5.33 x 100 % = 93.72 % 3) Compare the values of the efficiencies obtained in section (3) of your results with recalculated values in section (3) above. Comment on your findings. There is a difference in the efficiency for all the three condition which are full-load, 75% load and half-load. From the graph, the efficiencies for the full-load, 75% load and half-load are 96%, 98.5% and 96.8% respectively. While the calculated efficiency for all these three conditions are 90.28%, 98.04% and 93.72% respectively. The calculated value for the efficiency is done in part 2) discussion and theoretically the calculated value is more precise than experimented value. This happened because there are some errors while conducting the experiment whether human error or environment error or there is an error at the equipment itself. 4) Determine the maximum efficiency of the transformer. n= PcPcu n= 5.33360=0.298 ?max= 1820(0.298)18200.298+0.298(0.298)60+0.298(5.333)?100%=98.74% 5) Calculate P? and PV. The values should be same as the wattmeter readings. Determine the ratio of PV/ P? . Pv=2VIcos30? °=2 ?127 ?2.5?cos30? °=549.92 W W P? = 3VI = 3? 127 ? 2.5 = 925.5 W PvP?= 549.92925.50 = 0.594

Financial statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial statement - Essay Example An income statement reports on the organisations profits, expenses and income over a period of time. An income statement is also known as the profit and loss report, it provides information on the processes of the business enterprise. A statement of cash flows reports on an organisation’s cash flow activities,which include its processing, financing and investing activities. Financial statements for large companies are complex compared to the small companies because they include a wide range of notes added to the financial statements, management discussions, and analysis (Bragg, 2013). The notes added to the financial statements are considered as an essential part of the statements because they normally explain each item on the balance sheet, cash flow statement and income statement in further details. Albrecht an Stice (2011) defined capital maintenance as an accounting concept based on the principle that income is only recognized after capital has been maintained or there has been a full recovery of costs. When the amount of a company’s capital at the end of a period is unchanged from that at the beginning of the period,with any excess amount treated as profit (Albrecht an Stice ,2011). According to the writings of Taparia (2003), the concept of capital maintenance is significant as only income earned in excess amounts is needed to maintain capital may be considered as profit. There two concepts of capital maintenance are the financial capital maintenance and the physical capital maintenance. Under the concept of financial capital maintenance, profit is earned only if the financial amount of the net assets at the end of the fixed period exceeds the financial amount of net assets at the beginning of the period, after excluding any distributions to and contributions from owners during the period (Antle and Garstka,2004). Antle and Garstka, (2004) also stated that financial capital maintenance can be measured in either nominal monetary

Memphis Design-Michele De Lucchi and Ettore Sottsass Essay

Memphis Design-Michele De Lucchi and Ettore Sottsass - Essay Example The paper "Memphis Design-Michele De Lucchi and Ettore Sottsass" discovers postmodernism and Memphis design group. With inspirations derived from earlier movements such as Pop Art and Art Deco, the colors were used in both a graphic and dynamic way. The use of history in the Memphis post modernist furniture is particularly evidenced by the way their colorful designs that were reminiscent of the 1950s and 1960s ‘op’ art movement. The use of history and drawing of inspirations from the past in post modernism was particularly meant to counter the modernist concepts of writing history or starting from scratch after all was lost during the war. The social and cultural changes in 1970 led to the reaction against modernism. Designers embraced popular consumerism and culture. The modernistic principle required all objects to functional. Radical designers started to define a new language for design and moved away from functional well-designed goods. Ettore sottsass and De Lucchi were particularly frustrated by the rigid attitudes of the international design community. The post modernist artists were inspired by cultural, emotional philosophical, ancient, and contemporary influences. Together with De Lucchi and other designers, he founded Memphis to explore a visual language for design based on the popular culture and kitsch. The group wanted to experiment with new designs and materials. Ettore wanted to discover new and unique ways of using materials to bring a wealth of artistic influences.

Just-in-Time (JIT) Techniques Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Just-in-Time (JIT) Techniques - Assignment Example Thus by thinking about the problem the problem it can be viewed and finally when the problem eventually becomes clear leads to kaizen. If one makes it a rule to deal with defects only after they occur and thus the number of its staffs tends to fall. Therefore, things that are running smoothly should not be subject to any control. If you commit yourself to just finding and fixing problems, you'll be able to carry out effective control (within an organization) with fewer personnel†. This concept is very well applied in Toyota. Since everyone at Toyota is involved equally at the business improvement plan. The people at Toyota participated in the meetings which are held regularly and discuss the progress and also consider the new initiatives. Thus, everyone at Toyota is expected to contribute and all the ideas are equally listened to by the management of Toyota. Unlike other organization there are no suggestion boxes in Toyota as people are not afraid to talk about the new ideas an d plans (Hope & Player, 2012, p. 211). The success of Toyota an automotive company has been able to achieved success with the techniques of lean which is monitored by most of the organization (Blanchard, 2007, p. 97). According to the managing director of Toyota, the long principle of Toyota production System (TPS) will continue to work with the system of Just In time and will not change in the future and its production is able to meet all the upcoming challenge. Just in time revolves around the concept of producing of only what is needed and thus transferring only what is needed. Instead of the system of push system, it represented only to the pull system where the workers get and fetch what is required. Tools, such as the Kanban (the information card); and on the display board, as well as poka yoke the error prevention, was developed in order to implement the pull strategy (Toyota, 2012). The Toyota Production System had the ability to fulfill the demand of the customers efficient ly and promptly by way of linking the production to market place. JIT relies on the process of assembling the sequence only when they are required and needed (Toyota (A), n.d). Just in time offers a continuous, smooth and an optimized workflow with measured and careful work cycles and with the on demand movement of goods, materials capacity and reduce the cost of the time wasted. The members of the team can concentrate on each of their task without any interpretation which finally leads to better quality; deliver at the given time and of course peace of mind for the customers of Toyota. Potential Benefits — and Drawbacks — of Such JIT Techniques Are Limited to Large Manufacturing Businesses or Whether They Have Wider Applications for Other Organizations Benefits and Drawbacks Just in time has benefited many of the organization in many different ways and some of the benefits includes such as with the help of just in time the set up time can be reduced which allows the o rganization to eliminate the time needed to set the inventory; the flow of inventory increases from the warehouse to the selves; employees with multi skills are used at an effective and efficient way. Employees with multi skills allows the companies to move the workers to the required department with ease and confident; the relationship between the suppliers and the